How to do the terminal reaction dance

Mental disorders can lead almost any brain and general infectious processes. Although for each of diseases, a number of characteristic manifestations and a special type of flow, It should be noted that the main set mental manifestations in general corresponds to the concept described above exogenous reactions. Specificity each individual infection is determined speed of progression, severity associated signs of intoxication (increase in body temperature, vascular permeability, tissue edema), direct involvement meninges and structures of the brain in pathological process. nine0003

The most well-studied manifestations syphilitic brain infection.

16.4.1. Neurosyphilis [A52.1, F02.8]

It should be noted that syphilitic psychoses are optional manifestation of chronic syphilitic infections. Even in the last century, when effective treatments for syphilis did not exist, syphilitic psychoses developed in only 5% of all infected. Usually psychiatric disorders occur quite late (after 4-15 years after initial infection), so timely data diagnostics disease is a significant difficulties. As a rule, the patient himself his relatives do not report past infection and quite often do not know that such an infection had place. There are 2 main forms syphilitic psychoses: brain syphilis and progressive paralysis. nine0003

Syphilis brain (luescerebri) - specific inflammatory disease with predominant vascular disease and membranes of the brain. The sickness begins usually somewhat earlier than progressive paralysis, - 4-6 years after infections. Diffuse character brain damage corresponds to extremely polymorphic symptoms resembling non-specific vascular diseases, described in the previous section. The onset of the disease is gradual an increase in neurosis-like symptoms: fatigue, memory loss, irritability. However, compared with atherosclerosis turn on themselves attention relatively early start disease and faster progression without typical vascular disorders "flickering" symptoms. Characteristically early occurrence of seizures cerebral circulation. Although each from apoplexy episodes culminate in some improvement state and partial restoration lost functions (paresis, disorders speech), but soon there are repeated hemorrhages and rapidly developing picture of lacunar dementia. On different stages of manifestation of organic brain lesions may be Korsakov's syndrome, epileptiform seizures, long-term depressive states and psychoses with delusional and hallucinatory symptoms. plot delusions are usually ideas of persecution and jealousy, hypochondriacal delusions. hallucinosis (often auditory) threatening and accusatory statements. At an advanced stage of the disease, observed individual catatonic symptoms (negativism, stereotypes, impulsiveness). nine0003

Almost always found diffuse nonspecific neurological symptomatology with asymmetric disturbances motility and sensitivity, anisocoria, pupillary irregularity, decreased their reactions to light. In diagnostics The main symptom of syphilis is positive serological tests (Wasserman reaction, RIF, RIBT). Wherein with syphilis of the brain, in contrast to progressive paralysis can more often see negative results blood samples. In this case, you should reactions with cerebrospinal fluid. When puncturing, you can find and other characteristic colloidal reactions (see section 2.2.4), in particular the specific "syphilitic prong" in the reaction Lange. nine0003

The course of syphilis of the brain is slow, mental disorders may increase for several years and even decades. Sometimes there is a sudden death after another stroke. Timely started specific treatment can not only stop disease progression, but be accompanied by a partial reverse the development of symptoms. On the later stages there is a persistent mental defect in the form of a lacunar (later total dementia.

Progressive paralysis (Bayle's disease, paralysis progressiva afenorum) - syphilitic severe meningoencephalitis intellectual-mnestic functions and various neurological symptoms. The difference of this disease is directly damage to the brain substance, accompanied by multiple withdrawal symptoms mental functions. Clinical manifestations of the disease have been described by A.JT. J. Baylem in 1822. Although in course of the 20th century repeatedly expressed assumption of a syphilitic nature this disease, directly detect spirochete pallidum in the brain patients succeeded only in 1911 year Japanese researcher H. Noguchi.

The disease occurs against the background of complete health 10-15 years after primary infections. The first sign of the beginning disease is non-specific pseudoneurasthenic symptoms in the form of irritability, fatigue, tearfulness, sleep disturbances. Careful examination allows already in this phase diseases to detect some neurological signs of illness (impaired pupillary response to light, anisocoria) and serological tests. Draws special attention behavior of patients with reduced criticism and inadequate attitude to existing violations. nine0003

Quite quickly, the disease reaches full bloom phase. occasionally transition to this phase is accompanied by transient psychotic episodes with confusion consciousness, disorientation or delirium persecution. Main manifestation diseases at this stage are gross changes personality by organic type with loss criticism, absurdity, underestimation situations. Behavior is characterized disorder, on those around the patient makes an impression dissolved. It seems that a person acts in a state of intoxication. He leaves home, spends money thoughtlessly, loses them, leaves things anywhere. Often the patient starts random dating, getting in touch, often becomes a victim of dishonesty your friends, because it is different amazing gullibility and suggestibility. Patients do not notice a mess in clothes, can leave the house half-dressed. nine0003

The main content of the disease is severe mental disorder ( total dementia), with permanent the growth of intellectual-mnestic disorders. At first, it may no gross violation memorization, however, with aiming assessment of abstract thinking there is a lack of understanding essence of tasks, superficiality in judgments. However, patients never notice the mistakes they have made, benevolent, not embarrassed by others, strive demonstrate your abilities try to sing, dance. nine0003

The typical manifestations described above diseases may be accompanied some optional symptoms, defining individual characteristics every patient. More often in the last century other disorders met delirium greatness with absurd ideas of the material wealth. In this case, always surprise grandiosity and apparent senselessness boasting of the sick. The patient is not only promises to make everyone around expensive gifts, but wants to "shower them diamonds", claims that he has “At home there are 500 boxes under the bed gold." A similar version of the progressive paralysis is indicated as expansive form. B In recent years, it has been found significantly less common - in 70% of cases observed predominance of intellectual disorders in the clinical picture without concomitant mood disorders ( dement- naya form). Quite rare there are variants of the disease with a decrease moods, ideas of self-abasement and hypochondriacal delirium ( depressive form) or distinct ideas of persecution and individual hallucinations ( paranoid form).

A variety of neurological symptoms. Almost always found Argyle Robertson's symptom (lack of pupillary response to light while maintaining reactions to convergence and accommodation). Quite often the pupils are narrow (like a pin prick), sometimes there is anisocoria or deformity pupils, decreased vision. Many patients have dysarthria. Often other disorders are observed speech (nasal, logoclonia, chanted speech). Asymmetry of the nasolabial folds, paresis of the facial nerve, masculinity face, tongue deviation, twitching facial muscles are optional symptoms, but may be observed. At letter is found to be a violation handwriting and rough spelling errors (omissions and repetition of letters). There is often asymmetry tendon reflexes, decreased or no knee or Achilles reflexes. In the later stages of the course diseases often occur epileptiform seizures. Describe special forms of the disease with a predominance focal neurological symptoms: taboparalysis - combination dementia with manifestations of the dorsal tabes dorsalis is manifested by a violation of the superficial and deep sensitivity and disappearance tendon reflexes in the lower limbs combined with shooting pain), lissauer form - focal loss of mental functions with predominance of aphasia and apraxia.

sick 45 years old, deputy director of a large department store, was sent to psychiatric clinic for misbehavior and helplessness at work. nine0003

Heredity not weighed down. The patient is the older of the two daughters. The patient's mother is healthy, father died of a heart attack. In childhood developed normally. Graduated from school and Institute of National Economy. Plekhanov. Always worked in trade was thoughtful and insight. Was not very beautiful, but possessed a light, mobile character, was a success with men. Married at 22 to a man who was 5 years older than her. Family life was going well. Has two sons. nine0003

Approximately six months prior to present hospitalization became less diligent in work, a lot laughed. In the spring at the dacha there was an episode, when I couldn't sleep at night: I ran around home; didn't know where it was. In the morning, the husband asked the children to come. The patient did not recognize her eldest son, was afraid of him. Relatives turned to a private doctor. Treatment a number of drugs, including antibiotics.

State significantly improved: was completely oriented, tried to reach work. However, with their official did not cope, stupid joked, boasted to employees with their wealth. Once tried leave the house for work without wearing a skirt, did not react emotionally to the remark about this husband - just dressed appropriately. nine0003

At admission to the hospital does not show no complaints but also no objection hospitalizations. Names his own name, year of birth, but wrong when determining the present date. Does compliments to doctors, especially men. Looks at the interlocutor dressed in white coat, and can't identify it profession. Speaks indistinctly at times swallows individual syllables. laughing without hesitation declares that she is very rich: “I work in a store - whatever you want I can get. Money is trash." nine0003

Allows gross errors in the simplest account, not can remember the name of the attending physician: "I'm so young charming young man serving. Writes without mistakes your name and address, however handwriting is unusual, with uneven pressure and crooked lines. characterizes himself as a cheerful, sociable person. Willingly sings songs, although not always can pronounce the words. Beats the beat palms, gets up, starts dancing.

Are celebrated miosis and lack of pupillary response to light. Tendon reflexes on the right and on the left are the same, the Achilles reflex is reduced at both sides. With laboratory examination revealed sharply positive wasserman reaction ("++++"), positive reactions RIF and RIBT. Liquor is transparent, its pressure is not increased, pleocytosis - 30 cells in 1 µl, globulin/albumin ratio — 1.0; Lange reaction - 4444332111111111.

Conducted treatment with iodine salts, biyoquinol and penicillin. As a result of treatment became more calm, obedient, however significant improvement mnestic-intellectual processes was not observed. 2nd group completed disability.

Brightness mental and neurological disorders in typical cases progressive paralysis allows make a diagnosis of the disease clinical examination. However, in recent years have become more difficult for diagnosis of atypical cases diseases. In addition, due to the sharp reduce the incidence of this disease modern doctors do not always have enough clinical experience to detection. The most reliable method diagnostics are serological samples. Wassermann reaction at 95% of cases gives a sharply positive result; to rule out false positives cases always carry out RIF and RIBT. Although with a clear positive as a result of serological tests spinal puncture can be conduct, however, the study of liquor desirable as it allows check the level of activity painful process. Yes, for the presence inflammatory phenomena indicate an increase in the formed elements of the cerebrospinal fluid up to 100 in 1 µl, the predominance of globulin protein fractions, decolorization of colloidal gold in test tubes with the smallest dilution of cerebrospinal fluid ("paralytic type of curve" in the Lange reaction). nine0003

In the past century, the disease has been extremely malignant and most cases ended in death 3-8 years. In the terminal (senile) phase, gross violations were observed physiological functions (violation pelvic function, swallowing disorders and breathing), epileptic seizures, violation of tissue trophism (trophic leg ulcers, hair loss, bedsores). In recent years, timely treatment of the disease allows not only save the lives of the sick, but also in some cases to achieve a clear positive state dynamics. nine0003

The treatment proposed at the beginning of the century progressive paralysis by vaccination malaria [Wagner-Yauregg Yu., 1917] in connection with introduction of antibiotics no longer applies. However, when antibiotic therapy should consider possible complications. So on late stages of syphilitic infections are very likely to occur gumm. In this case, antibiotics can lead to massive death pathogen and death as a result intoxication. Therefore, treatment is often start with the appointment of iodine preparations and bismuth. If you are allergic to means of the penicillin group prescribe erythromycin. Efficiency antibiotic therapy may be higher when combined with pyrotherapy. For correction of the behavior of patients is used mild neuroleptics. nine0003

16.4.2. Mental disorders in AIDS [F02.4]

The human immunodeficiency virus has pronounced tropism as to the lymphatic system and to the nervous tissue. Due with this mental disorder on different stages of the course of the disease observed in almost all patients. Quite difficult to differentiate disorders due to organic process, and mental psychogenic disorders, associated with the realization of the fact of incurable diseases.

Mental disorders in AIDS in basically correspond to the reactions exogenous type. In the initial period persistent phenomena are often observed asthenia with a constant feeling of fatigue, excessive sweating, disorders sleep, loss of appetite. depression, melancholy, depression may occur before how the diagnosis is made. Changes personalities are growing irritability, irascibility, moodiness or disinhibition drives. Already at an early stage diseases often develop acute psychosis in the form of delirium, twilight confusion, hallucinosis, rarely acute paranoid psychosis, state of arousal with manic affect. Quite often there are epileptiform seizures. nine0003

Subsequently, quickly (within a few weeks or months) the negative symptoms of dementia. At 25% cases, signs of dementia are detected already in the initial phase of the disease. Symptoms of dementia are non-specific and depend on the nature of the brain process. With focal processes (cerebral lymphoma, hemorrhage) can be observed focal loss of individual functions (speech disorders, frontal symptoms, convulsive seizures, paresis and paralysis), diffuse lesion (diffuse sub- acute encephalitis, meningitis, cerebral arteritis) is manifested by a general increase passivity, lack of initiative, drowsiness, impaired attention, memory decline. Late stages disease, dementia reaches a degree total. Join violations pelvic organs functions, disorders respiration and cardiac activity. The cause of death in patients is usually intercurrent infections and malignant neoplasms. nine0003

Organic mental disorders almost always accompanied psychologically understandable experiences sick. psychological reaction to the disease may manifest as clear depressive symptoms, and persistent denial of the fact diseases by type of defense mechanism (see section 1.1.4). Often patients require re-examination, blame doctors in incompetence, trying unleash your anger on others. Sometimes, with hatred towards healthy people, trying to infect others. nine0003

An important problem associated with HIV infection, is the danger of overdiagnosis AIDS by both doctors and HIV carriers. Thus, infected patients may accept any discomfort in the body for signs of manifestation disease and difficult to respond to examination as evidence its occurrence. In these cases it is possible desire to commit suicide.

There is no effective treatment for AIDS however, medical assistance may help prolong life patients and improve the quality life during the illness. In cases acute psychosis, neuroleptics are used (haloperidol, chlorpromazine, droperidol) and tranquilizers in doses reduced in accordance with the degree of expression organic defect. In the presence of signs of depression are prescribed antidepressants and their side effects effects. Correction of personal disorders are carried out with the help of tranquilizers and mild antipsychotics (such as thioridazine and neuleptil). The most important factor in maintaining psychological balance is properly organized psychotherapy. nine0003

16.4.3. Prion diseases

This group of diseases is associated with the discovery in 1983 of the prion protein, a natural human protein and animals (the gene encoding this protein, found on the short arm of the chromosome twenty). Established the possibility of infection mutant forms of this protein, its accumulation in brain tissues is shown. At present, out of the stipulated Prions have described 4 human diseases and 6 animal diseases. Among them are noted sporadic, infectious and hereditary diseases. However there is evidence that prion proteins produced by random mutations (sporadic cases of the disease), have the same degree of contagiousness, that are infectious. nine0003

An example of a typically infectious prion human disease is kuru — illness, found in one of the tribes of Papua New Guinea, where the ritual eating the brains of dead compatriots. Currently, with the change rituals this disease is practically disappeared. to hereditary prion diseases include the syndrome Gerstmann-Streussler-Scheinker, fatal familial insomnia and familial forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Family and infectious diseases account for less than 10% of all cases nine0% of cases are sporadic cases of the disease (sporadic form Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease).

Disease Creutzfeld-Jakob [F02.1] [Kreutzfeld X., 1920, Jacob A., 1921] - malignant rapidly progressive disease, characterized by spongy regeneration of the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and gray matter subcortical nuclei. Main manifestation disease - dementia with severe brain dysfunction (agnosia, aphasia, alexia, apraxia) and motor disorders (myoclonus, ataxia, intention tremor, oculomotor disorders, seizures, pyramidal and extrapyramidal disorders). nine0003

In 30% of cases, the development of the disease is preceded by nonspecific prodromal symptoms in the form of asthenia, disorders sleep and appetite, memory impairment, behavioral changes, weight loss body. About the immediate debut of the disease evidence of visual disturbances headaches, dizziness, instability and paresthesia. Usually the disease occurs at the age of 50-65 years, men are slightly more often ill. No effective treatments have been found most patients die in during the first year, but sometimes the disease extended over 2 years or more. nine0003

Timely diagnosis of the disease presents significant difficulties. Important diagnostic features are rapid progression symptoms, absence of inflammation changes in the blood and CSF (no fever, increased ESR, leukocytosis in the blood and pleocytosis in CSF), specific EEG changes (repetitive triphasic and polyphasic activity with an amplitude of at least 200 μV, the resulting every 1-2 s).

Special interest in prion diseases arose in connection with the epidemic of spongiform bovine encephalopathy in England and the emergence during the same period in England and France 11 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with atypically early onset. nine0003

Although clear evidence of a connection between these two facts is not found, but scientists have to take into account the data on the high persistence of prion proteins (formalin treatment of the tissues of the deceased does not reduce their contagiousness). AT documented cases of transmission Creutzfeld-Jakob disease from one person to another incubation period was 1.5-2 years.

16.4.4. Mental disorders in acute brain and extracerebral infections

Mental disorders can occur at almost any brain or general infection. To specific brain infections include epidemic encephalitis, tick-borne and mosquito encephalitis, rabies. Draw a clear line between brain and extracerebral processes not always possible, because encephalitis, meningitis and cerebrovascular disease may occur with such common infections like flu, measles, scarlet fever, rheumatism, mumps, chicken pox, tuberculosis, brucellosis, malaria, etc. In addition, indirect brain damage due to hyperthermia, general intoxication, hypoxia nonspecific pneumonia, purulent surgical lesions can also lead to psychoses similar in their manifestations with brain infections. nine0003

In various infections often observed the same psychopathological syndromes. They are usually placed in concept of exogenous type of reactions. So, acute psychoses are manifested by switching off or clouding of consciousness (delirium, amentia, seizures are much less common, similar to oneiroid). Psychoses occur usually in the evening against the backdrop severe fever, accompanied signs of inflammation in blood tests and liquor. The factors that increase the risk of psychosis previous organic diseases of the central nervous system (injuries, disorders liquorodynamics), intoxication (alcoholism and substance abuse). More likely occurrence of psychosis in children. nine0003

For chronic sluggish infections sometimes there are hallucinatory and hallucinatory-delusional disorders. Debilitating diseases lead to prolonged asthenia. Like the outcome of a heavy infectious process may occur Korsakov's syndrome or dementia (psychoorganic syndrome). Highly common complication of severe infections disease is depression, which sometimes develops against a background of gradual resolution of acute manifestations of the disease. Manic episodes are much less common. and catatonic disorders. nine0003

most specific clinical different picture epidemic encephalitis (lethargic encephalitis). The disease is described in 1917 by the Austrian psychiatrist K. Econo- mo during the pandemic of 1916-1922. In recent years of epidemics of this disease not observed - only described isolated sporadic cases.

The disease is markedly different variety of manifestations. Described as sharp, quickly leading to death cases that gradually develop asymptomatic options. Often after the resolution of the acute phase of the disease return of symptoms, less pronounced. In acute phase of the disease on the background of subfebrile condition (37.5–38.5°) there is a varied neurological symptoms: diplopia, ptosis, anisocoria, motor lethargy, amimia, rare flashing, violation of friendly movements of the arms and legs. With an acute onset may have severe headache and muscle pain, vomiting, impaired consciousness with hallucinations, delusions, hyperkinesis, sometimes epileptic seizures. An almost obligatory symptom is sleep disturbance either in the form of periods pathological hibernation, lasting for several days or weeks, or sleep-wake cycle disorders with pathological daytime sleepiness and insomnia at night. Sometimes in night time are observed excitement and hallucinations. nine0003

In addition to the typical variants of the disease, often observed atypical forms with predominance of mental disorders - delirium, reminiscent of alcohol; depression with severe hypochondriasis ideas and desire for suicide; atypical manic states with chaotic unproductive excitement; phenomena apathy, adynamia, catatonia, hallucinatory-delusional states, that need to be differentiated from the onset of schizophrenia.

For previous epidemics '/ ₃ patients died in acute phase of the disease. Many observed long persistent course diseases. In the remote period were especially pronounced motor disorders in the form of muscle stiffness, tremor, bradykinesia (parkinsonism). Rough intellectual-mnestic disorders were not usually observed. Often for a long time there were extremely unpleasant sensations in the head and all over the body (crawling, itching). Vote in the head, visual pseudohallucinatory images, violation of the sense of inner unity resembled schizophrenic symptoms. nine0003

The diagnosis is confirmed by signs of sluggish inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid - increased amount of protein and sugar, pathological Lange reaction (less distinct than with syphilis).

Treatment of infectious diseases in primarily based on etiotropic therapy. Unfortunately, in the case of viral infections chemotherapy is usually ineffective. Sometimes used serum of convalescents. Nonspecific anti-inflammatory therapy includes use of nonsteroidal drugs or corticosteroid hormones and ACTH. Antibiotics are used to prevent the connection of a secondary infections. In the case of a pronounced general intoxication (for example, with pneumonia) detoxification is of great importance measures in the form of polyionic infusions and colloidal solutions (hemodez, reo- polyglucin). To combat cerebral edema use diuretics, corticosteroids and oxygen, sometimes lum- ballpoint puncture. in acute psychosis need to prescribe antipsychotics and tranquilizers (usually in reduced doses). For a more complete recovery brain functions during convalescence prescribe nootropics (piracetam, pi- reditol) and mild stimulants-adaptogens (eleutherococcus, ginseng, pantocrine, Chinese Lemongrass). Treatment antidepressants are prescribed for persistent decrease in mood passing of the acute phase of the disease (in acute phase of TCA disease and other anticholinergic funds can provoke delirium occurs). nine0003

Kavkazskiy Knot

Various sources inform about an anti-terrorist operation currently being carried out in the Khojavend region of Azerbaijan. At 11 o'clock today, the Ministry of Defense reported on the result of yesterday's battle - six attackers were killed, one was wounded and one Azerbaijani soldier died. At present, the illegal armed men are reportedly surrounded and the operation continues.

Society in Azerbaijan demands the withdrawal of the Russian army from Garabagh

After the Declaration on the cessation of hostilities signed by the three heads of state on November 9, 2020, all armed illegal formations on the territory of Azerbaijan were declared terrorists, martial law does not apply to them, since the war has officially ended. This explains the absence of prisoners.

The operation is carried out with the tacit consent of Russian peacekeepers, since the Azerbaijani army is now forced to ensure the safety of not only the Azerbaijani population returning to the region, the Armenian population remaining in Garabagh, but also the Russian peacekeepers serving in the military. nine0003

On the video: an Armenian in a characteristic form and expressions expresses his emotions when he sees a sign on the border (road) "Welcome to Azerbaijan"

are carried by the Russian Armed Forces, makes them responsible for peace in Garabagh. It can be seen that the Russians do not want to provide this world on their own. Then the path does not interfere, the Azerbaijani army knows its business. So far, that is exactly what is happening. Was this achieved as a result of the consent of Azerbaijan and Russia, or maybe Yerevan knows about the penetration of its armed citizens into Garabagh, but not being able to neutralize them, gives their fate to Azerbaijan? With Pashinyan, this is possible. nine0003

Today, the Azerbaijani army gave one hour, the last one, to the residents of the Armenian village of Vorotan in southern Armenia, so that the residents of houses built during the years of occupation on Azerbaijani soil should leave it. The hour is over. The remaining foreigners, if they are armed, will be punished. Peaceful people were deported as foreigners who illegally entered the territory of our country.

A complex process is going on in Garabagh, dangerous and fraught with various consequences. Armenians and Azerbaijanis have claims to the Armenian side, and it is clear that Russians cannot be nice to everyone.

Learn more

• 
  How to dance in a club for women
• 
  How to learn dance in hindi songs
• 
  Learning how to pop dance
• 
  How to sword dance
• 
  How to dance like meechie
• 
  Learn how to dance at a club for guys
• 
  How to play just dance on ps4
• 
  How old is whitney off dancing with the stars
• 
  How much is a lap dance in vegas
• 
  How to become a exotic dancer
• 
  How long is the house of dancing water